Tips for Civil Services

Bharat Choudhary Reply 7:59 PM
TIPS FOR I.A.S. ASPIRANTS

The Civil services is a very rewarding exam that promises great career options and remuneration. To successfully face and complete the ordeal of the preliminary and main examinations of the Civil Services Exam, and face the interview, here are some tips IAS aspirants find useful to them.

1. Candidates will have to prepare according to new syllabus of IAS prelims i.e. CSAT. Aspirant have to go for questions on economic and social development, sustainable development, poverty, inclusion, demographics and social sector initiatives. NCERT books will provide a chunk of answers to questions pertaining to general issues on environmental ecology, bio-diversity, climate change and general science. Candidates are advised to revise the class X English language books for English language comprehension skills of Paper II. Appropriate IGNOU study material on interpersonal skills, including communication skills may be useful.

National Symbols of India

Bharat Choudhary Reply 7:32 PM
National Symbols

This post introduces you to the National Identity Elements of India. These symbols are intrinsic to the Indian identity and heritage. Indians of all demographics backgrounds across the world are proud of these National Symbols as they infuse a sense of pride and patriotism in every Indian's heart.


National Flag


The National Flag is a horizontal tricolour of deep saffron (kesaria) at the top, white in the middle and dark green at the bottom in equal proportion. The ratio of width of the flag to its length is two to three. In the centre of the white band is a navy-blue wheel which represents the chakra. Its design is that of the wheel which appears on the abacus of the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka. Its diameter approximates to the width of the white band and it has 24 spokes. The design of the National Flag was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on 22 July 1947.
Apart from non-statutory instructions issued by the Government from time to time, display of the National Flag is governed by the provisions of the Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950 (No. 12 of 1950) and the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971 (No. 69 of 1971). The Flag Code of India, 2002 is an attempt to bring together all such laws, conventions, practices and instructions for the guidance and benefit of all concerned.

North-East India : A Documentary

Bharat Choudhary Reply 7:16 PM

Incredible India : Timeless India

Bharat Choudhary Reply 7:16 PM

Cold War System

Bharat Choudhary Reply 7:10 PM

Formation of the Cold War System (.ppt)


Indian Economy

Bharat Choudhary Reply 6:40 PM

Presentation (.ppt)

The Arctic Council and India

Bharat Choudhary Reply 6:39 PM
The Arctic Council: Is There a Case for India?

Dr Vijay Sakhuja




It is an acknowledged fact that the melting of the Arctic sea-ice is offering both opportunities and challenges for the international community. The opportunities accrue in the form ofnewfound oil and gas deposits, unexploited marine living resources and shorter shipping routesconnecting the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans. The challenges arise from the adversarialimpacts of the melting ice on the livelihoods of the peoples and communities of the Arctic,disturbance in the delicate marine biodiversity of the region and the shrinking of the permafrost(permanently frozen soil) that would release large volumes of greenhouse gases which could further aggravate global warming.

Presentation on INDIA

Bharat Choudhary Reply 6:24 PM



Obama's Visit to India

Bharat Choudhary Reply 6:22 PM

Obama Visit to India: Impressions from China


The three-day state visit of the US President Barack Obama to India from 6 to 9 November 2010 was covered adequately by the Chinese media and several details of the visit were reported except the President’s address to Indian Parliament. Significantly, some of the important issues such as US support to India’s candidature for a permanent seat in a reformed United Nations Security Council (UNSC) received mixed reaction in Chinese media while other issues were reported without adding any value judgment. The analysis in Chinese media and blogs indicated that the visit of Obama was primarily aimed to help counterbalance the rise of China.

Presentation on Problems of India

Bharat Choudhary Reply 6:08 PM

Problems of Developing India (.ppt)


Pollution in Rivers

Bharat Choudhary Reply 5:54 PM
Pollution in Rivers


            The pollution load on major rivers has increased over the years due to industrialization and urbanisation. Use of water for irrigation, drinking, power and other purposes compound the challenge.

Source of Pollution


The rivers are polluted by the discharge of treated and untreated municipal waste and industrial effluent. All the large and medium industries have installed effluent treatment plants and are generally meeting the prescribed standards (30 mg / 1) with respect to Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). However, the cumulative impact of many industrial point sources adds to higher concentration in some pockets of the country. In case of municipal wastewater, it is estimated that  Class-I cities (423) and Class –II towns (449) generate more than 33000 million litres of sewage per day against which the treatment capacity exists only for about 7000 million   litres per day of sewage in the country.

Article on Challenges of Infrastructure

Bharat Choudhary Reply 5:49 PM
Challenges of Infrastructure
The Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh declared that India should aim to grow by at least 10% annually during the 12th Five Year Plan which begins in 2012-13. To achieve this ambitious target what is crucial is infrastructure development. The Economy faces serious infrastructure bottleneck and if this is not handled swiftly, moving on to higher growth path will remain only a dream.

One may argue growth is very important and infrastructure will grow by itself as we push growth. It does not work that way and if infrastructure growth does not keep pace with overall economic growth, there is every possibility that the economy gets overheated, which can have negative effect.

Article on Effects of Carbon Emission

Bharat Choudhary Reply 5:43 PM
Effects Due to Carbon Emission

            The adverse effects caused to environment due to carbon emission include increased frequency of extreme weather events, and variation in pattern of monsoons, rise in surface temperature, sea level rise and melting of glaciers along with other factors. Climate Change is also likely to affect agriculture and food production and result in increase incidence of vector borne diseases.
            The effects on human life include increase in malnutrition and consequent disorders, with implications for child growth and development; increased deaths, disease and injury due to heat waves, floods, storms, fires and droughts; increased burden of diarrhoeal disease and altered spatial distribution of some infectious-disease vectors.

Article on Noise pollution

Bharat Choudhary Reply 5:36 PM

Noise pollution – Assessment and Control


Noise pollution or environmental noise is displeasing to human beings and animals. Unwanted sound can damage physiological and psychological health of humans. It can cause hypertension, high stress levels, tinnitus which leads to forgetfulness, severe depression and at times panic attacks, hearing loss, sleep disturbances, and other harmful effects.

Noise also has a detrimental effect on animals by causing stress, increasing risk of mortality by changing the delicate balance in predator/prey detection and avoidance. Impact of noise on animal life can also result in the reduction of usable habitat which in the case of endangered species may be part of the path to extinction.

Article on Women Empowerment in India

Bharat Choudhary 1 5:30 PM
Women Empowerment -Equal Rights, Equal Opportunities


WOMEN EMPOWERMENT


The status of women in India has been undergoing a sea-change. Supported by Constitutional guarantees to ensure dignity and equal opportunities, their active participation in all walks of life including education, politics, sport etc., has been growing. Taking note of women’s role in the nation-building activities, the Government had declared 2001 as the year of Women’s Empowerment by adopting a National Policy to offer “Swashakti” to women. Several laws have also been adopted to empower women socially, economically, legally and politically. Considering the role of rural India, the country’s backbone, the Government had taken several measures to strengthen Pachayanti Raj system with the active participation of women. This gave a boost to increase the number of women being elected to the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies, an indication to suggest their political empowerment.





National Policy for the Empowerment of Women – 2001

The principle of gender equality is enshrined in the Indian Constitution in its Preamble, Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy.


The Constitution not only guarantees equality to women, but also empowers the State to adopt measures of positive discrimination in favour of women. Since the Fifth Five Year Plan (1974-78), India has been making a marked shift in its approach to women’s issues from welfare to development while keeping the empowerment of women as the central issue in determining their status in the society. The National Commission for Women was set up by an Act of Parliament in 1990 to safeguard the rights and legal entitlements of women. The 73rd and 74th Amendments to the Constitution in 1993 have provided for reservation of seats in the local bodies of Panchayats and Municipalities for women, laying a strong foundation for their participation in decision-making at the local levels. India has also ratified various international conventions and human rights instruments committing to secure equal rights of women. Key among them is the ratification of the Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) in 1993.

Goals and Objectives 

The goals of the National Policy is to bring about the advancement, development and empowerment of women. The objectives include creating an environment through positive economic and social policies for development of women to enable them to realise their full potential, access to health care, quality education, employment, equal remuneration and social security. They also include elimination of discrimination and all forms of violence against women and the girl child and changing societal attitudes.

National Mission for Empowerment of Women


The Government has set up a National Mission for Empowerment of Women early this year and the same has been notified on 8th of March, 2010. The Mission aims at implementing the women-centric programmes in a mission mode to achieve better coordination. The Ministry of Women and Child Development is administering the Support to Training and Employment Programme of Women (STEP) scheme with a view to help assetless and marginalised women become economically self-reliant. The scheme also aims at providing training for skill upgradation, development of entrepreneurial skills, asset creation, mobilisation into small viable groups to enable beneficiaries to take up employment-cum-income generation activities.The Ministry has also launched the “Priyadarshini” scheme to empower vulnerable groups of women in a holistic and sustainable manner by addressing their social, political, legal, health related and economic problems through vigorous capacity-building by organising them into Self-Help Groups (SHGs).




Swarjjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) 

The Ministry is also implementing the Centrally sponsored scheme. The scheme is desinged to promote self-employment oriented income generating activities for the BPL households in the rural areas. Special safeguards have been provided for vulnerable sections by way of reserving 50 per cent benefits to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, 40 per cent for women, 15 per cent for minorities and 3 per cent for disabled persons. Since its inception, about 37 lakh SHGs have been formed and 134 lakh swarozgaris assisted, out of which, approximately 70 lakh (52 per cent) are women. The Rashtriya Mahila Kosh (RMK) scheme extends micro-credit support for income generation to poor women grouped into SHGs in unorganised sector.


India Vision 2020

India Vision 2020 document, while discussing about women in the labour force has, inter alia, mentioned that secure child care support services are necessary for working women. The 11th Five Year Plan document of the Planning Commission incorporated various schemes and programmes for women and child development. It also mentions about the setting up of creches in unorganised sector and restructuring and revamping of the existing Rajiv Gandhi National Creche Scheme for the children of working mothers.


Helplines for Women


As per 2001 census, there are 34.3 million widows and 2.34 million divorced and separated women in the country. The Ministry of Women and Child Development is implementing shelter-based schemes namely “Swadhar” and “Short Stay Homes” under which financial assistance is provided to the implementing agencies for providing support services to women in difficult circumstances. Under the scheme of Integrated Programme for Older persons implemented by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, financial assistance is provided to NGOs for running and maintenance of Multi Facility Care Centre for older widowed women. The Ministry of Rural Development is implementing Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme (IGNWPS) and Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS), under which central assistance is given towards a monthly pension of Rs.200 to widows below the poverty line in the age group of 40 to 64.


Women’s Leadership Summit 2010


The Ministry has organised a Women’s Leadership Summit in New Delhi on 6th of March this year as part of the celebrations for the International Women’s Day. The objective of the Summit, inaugurated by the Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh, was to showcase empowered women, those who had excelled in different fields. The central theme of the Summit was Inclusive Growth and Empowering Women of Rural India. Several women achievers spoke on challenges and opportunities for women in diverse fields such as corporate sector, financial services, agriculture, science, media, panchayati raj, sports, culture, education and law. Government’s 100 Days Action Plan



As part of the 100 days Action Plan, the government had proposed several measures to increase the representation of women. It has also proposed Constitutional amendment to provide 50 percent reservation for women in Panchayats and in urban local bodies and to increase the representation of women in government jobs.


India’s Tirade Against Anti-Woman Activities 

The Government has been adopting several stringent measures to uphold the status of women in India by launching a tirade against injustices done to them. They included protection against domestic violence, stopping crime against child and women, human trafficking, sexual harassment at work place, eliminating beggary among women and street children, child marriages, harassment in dowry related matters, malnutrition among women and children, providing relief and rehabilitation to rape victims. The Centre has allocated Rs.11,000 crore to the Ministry of Women and Child Development for the year 2010-11, an increase of around 50 per cent over last year’s Budget Estimates of Rs.7,350 crore. (PIB Features) 

Article on "New Vision of Education"

Bharat Choudhary Reply 5:15 PM
Education : a New Vision for the Future


            “As a nation we are now poised to take some historic steps, collectively, to empower our children and thereby, our entire nation. As the Human Resource Development Minister of the country, it is my duty and obligation to ensure that our children are placed at the centre of the ambitious education reforms programme embarked upon by my Ministry. My vision for the future is that of a wholly Child Centric Education system. We cannot afford to be the slaves of the past. We must keep ourselves in synch with the processes of change sweeping through the globe. We need to learn from the past, build on it and create opportunities for the future of our present children as well as the future of the unborn ones. We would do well to recall, the very insightful and perceptive statement made by Shri M.C. Chagla, the then Education Minister of India, in 1964, “Our Constitution fathers did not intend that we set  up hovels, put student there, given untrained teachers, give them bad textbooks, no playgrounds and say, we have complied with Article 45 and the primary education is expanding … what they meant was that real education should be given to our children between the ages of 6 and 14.

Biodiversity in India

Bharat Choudhary Reply 5:04 PM
India - A Biodiversiy Rich Nation


Kalpana Palkhiwala

click here for poster on Biodiversity in India

Biodiversity as we see today is the outcome of over 3.5 billion years of evolutionary history, shaped by natural processes and increasingly, by the influence of humanbeings. Biodiversity forms the web of life of which man is an integral part and upon which he fully depends

Biodiversity is not distributed uniformly across the globe. Certain countries, lying wholly or partly within the tropics, are characterized by high species richness and more number of endemic species. These countries are known as Mega diverse countries. India is one of the identified mega diverse countries of the World. With only 2.4% of the land area, and accounts for 7-8% of the recorded species of the world. Over 45,000 species of plants and 91,000 species of animals have been recorded so far. It is remarkable to note that India maintains this biodiversity while supporting 20% of the world’s human and cattle population. The wide diversity in physical features and climatic situations has resulted in a diversity of ecosystems such as forests, grasslands, wetlands, coastal and marine (mangroves and coral reefs) and deserts. Among these, the forest ecosystem in particular exhibits tremendous variability ranging from temperate alpine to tropical wet evergreen forests. There are 16 major forest types in India and it is also one of the eight primary centres of the origin of cultivated plants and is rich in agricultural biodiversity. India is an acknowledged centre of crop diversity, and holds 320 wild varieties of crop relatives mainly of rice, maize, millets, barley and brinjals. About 114 breeds of domesticated animals (buffaloes, cattle, sheep, goat, camel, horses, donkeys, etc.) are also found in the country.

Article on Biodiversity

Bharat Choudhary Reply 4:57 PM
Biodiversity and its Value
Smt Kalpana Palkhiwala




Biological diversity, encompasses all life forms on earth. Biodiversity maintains the ecological balance and continues evolutionary processes. The very survival of humankind depends on these core ecological functions. The indirect ecosystem services provided through biodiversity include: photosynthesis, pollination, transpiration, maintaining the balance of atmospheric gases, maintaining hydrological cycles, chemical cycling, nutrient cycling, pest control, etc. Biodiversity also has aesthetic and recreational value. Conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity is therefore fundamental to ecologically sustainable development. In fact the very survival of humankind depends upon biological diversity.

Article on Indian Economy

Bharat Choudhary Reply 4:51 PM
Indian Economy- The March Continues
ECONOMY



Ashok Handoo

The forward march of the Indian economy is continuing on the expected lines. The comfortable indicators promise to drive the economy out of the slowdown it faced in 2008-9, when the growth rate dipped to 6.7 per cent, after experiencing a 9 per cent growth for five consecutive years.


The most gratifying is the fall in food inflation which has been coming down consistently for the last five weeks and has now touched the 17 month low of 10.3 per cent. It stood at about 14 per cent in the corresponding period last year.

High food inflation has been a major source of worry to the Government for the past one year as it has been hitting hard the poorer sections of the society. Fall in food inflation is attributed to a better Kharif crop leading to increased supplies of agricultural products in the markets. With the end of the rainy season, disruptions in production and supplies of agricultural commodities have also ended. Economists believe that the stage is now set for food inflation to come down to a single digit soon. It was first witnessed in July this year but that was a brief relief.

The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) has, in its latest report, estimated a 10 per cent rise in Kharif crop to 114 million tonnes against a 2 per cent decline a year ago.

Creativity : The Sand Magic

Bharat Choudhary Reply 4:35 PM

Live the Motivation : India's New Anthem

Bharat Choudhary Reply 4:18 PM

Basics of Goal Setting

Bharat Choudhary Reply 4:07 PM

THE 11 BASICS OF GOAL SETTING



"Man is a goal-seeking animal. His life only has meaning if he is reaching out and striving for his goals." –Aristotle

"Many people fail in life, not for lack of ability or brains or even courage, but simply because they have never organized their energies around a goal." –Elbert Hubbard




Millions of words have been written about goal setting. Millions of people set goals. Yet, most goals set by most people remain unfulfilled. I have distilled (from experience and education) the eleven essentials of successful goal setting here for you. Follow these and you will accomplish your goals. Fail to follow these and you probably will not. No hype. No rah-rah encouragement. No fluff. Just the simple explanation of how and why to set and ACCOMPLISH goals.

Your goals must be:
 Original 


 Inspirational 
 Harmonious 
 Realistic 
 Idealistic 
 Specific 
 Adaptable 
 Visualized 
 Affirmed 
 Time related 
Written down



1. Goals must be original. That does not mean that they cannot be the same or similar to the goals that others may have; it means that they must be yours, not secondhand.

The goal setting

Bharat Choudhary Reply 3:53 PM

The Most Powerful Goals are Impersonal


Are you a goal setter? A dreamer, who regularly follows through on an idea by fleshing out a concept or targeted achievement in one or more areas of your life, stepping through a process to create specific written goals which you commit to diligently achieve within a certain specified period of time?

If you take time, follow any process at all (even on very rare occasions), believe it or not you are more rare than you might believe as only 4-5% of all people actually ever set written goals, much less ultimately fulfilling their dreams and goals. So if you want to quantum leap most people you are competing with, establish a comprehensive goal setting plan and keep the goals relevant over time. You’re performance and outcomes are likely to place you at the front of the pack as well planned goals provide both focus and motivation to achieve.  
The goal setting process is certainly something that is referred to and written about countless times per day across the world in business, sports, school, music, and a multitude of other areas of life where people are motivated to focus and achieve, so I’ll spare a discussion on which process is best in setting goals and avoid the refrain about setting S.M.A.R.T. goals (though I do believe in that process wholeheartedly) in this discussion.
Upon reflection of some recent reading and listening to interviews of some of the most successful entrepreneurs and businesspeople around, an interesting commonality resonated with me in a way that I previously had not specifically considered. These people did not set out with a personal goal (e.g. “I want to make $1 million per year, buy a Porsche 911 and retire at 45 years old”). In fact, their goals did not even directly relate to what most would consider selfless and honorable goals (e.g. to provide for my children’s college education). No, these people had impersonal goals…in other words, their driving goal and passion was to create something of value that would benefit the masses. The business success and personal financial success that followed was simply a by product of someone with a passion and vision about something they could create that would be improve the lives of many people (people the entrepreneur had not yet and probably would ever meet.)
A couple examples of an individual and a vision well aligned to their passion and strengths that produced a society changing business idea because they focused on the value to the community and society of their concept rather than trying to figure out how to make enough money to buy something for themselves as their end goal:
  • Bill Gates’ Impersonal Goal/Dream- To put a computer in every home…mission accomplished; now his focus with the Gates Foundation and philanthropic efforts provide a new set of impersonal goals for his energy. Bill Gates has been financially rewarded to levels no one could have imagined, but that was never his primary driver.

  • Henry Ford’s Impersonal Goal/Dream-  A car which anyone could afford to buy, which anyone could drive anywhere, and which almost anyone could keep in repair
Now realistically speaking, not everybody wants to change the world. But it sure seems that a correlation exists between those who develop the most successful businesses and the driving focus of their goal being tied to something bigger than that individual’s personal interests and goals.
Author: Joel Goode
"Best Life and Career"

EARN MONEY ONLINE

Bharat Choudhary Reply 9:54 PM


EARN MONEY ONLINE FROM YOUR BLOG


These services are based on Paid To Blog. Most of the services pays through PayPal. There are minimum requirements for each service to get approve your blog Most common are

Correct Postures and Exercises

Bharat Choudhary Reply 9:53 PM

Correct Postures and Exercises for Computer Users


Here are some correct postures which should be used while using a computer to reduce stress and other ill effects.



Adequate leg room should be available under the work surface. Materials should not be stored under the work surface. The work surface should accomodate all required materials. Items used infrequently should be stored elsewhere. The height of the work surface should be adjusted to the level of the elbows with the arms hanging by the sides.

If using an unadjustable work surface on a temporary basis:

Adjust the chair height so that the level of the elbows is approximately the same height as the keyboard.

If the feet do not rest flat on the floor or if excessive pressure is felt on the back of the legs, a footrest should be used (a phone book works well!)



Usual Zone: This area should contain only items that are used most frequently, e.g. keyboard, mouse, notepad.

Occasional Zone: This area should contain items that are used periodically, e.g. telephone, calculator, in-out tray, rolodex.

Rare Zone: This area should contain only items that are seldom used or display only, e.g. pen/pencil cup, desk plant, photos, clock.


................................................................................................................................

Keep PC Running Smooth

Bharat Choudhary Reply 9:51 PM

5 Easy Tips to Keep Your PC Running Smooth



A slow computer can be quite troublesome and may really affect your work. Given here are some simple tips that you can use to fix errors and speed up your PC.

War on Cyber Crime

Bharat Choudhary Reply 9:50 PM
Get Ready for War on Cyber Crime


The application of computer and Internet has spread its tentacles to every segment of our daily life. Education, business, industry, entertainment, medicine, travel, communication, or any other activity stands linked to the cyber world one way or the other.
Consequently even critical information on individuals and institutions are often stored in the digital form. A computer that stands connected to the Internet is open to access by clever hackers. Our vital information may be misused by them. Our bank deposits may be stolen by accessing our passwords and the details of our accounts.

Boost your pc’s performance

Bharat Choudhary Reply 9:49 PM
Boost your pc’s performance in 5 secs 

Have you ever noticed how you pc tends to slow down near the end of the day? Well there is a way you can put it back in its fresh start state without a restart!

First up, why do you need a booster?
Well, it’s not so much a question of why because we all want a faster PC.
This is more a question of WHEN.

If you’ve been running a large application (or several large applications, maybe a game, Photoshop, something like that) the RAM can get taken up quickly. Even when you close down these programs, RAM can still be eaten-up.

You’ll notice this effect at the end of the day. When you first power-up your PC it’s running smoothly, by the end of the day it’s as sluggish as teenager who’s just eaten a whole pizza. Now, you can get various applications to solve this. Some cost a little, some cost a lot. But personally, we like it free. Especially when that free is really quick and easy.
So, here’s what you need to do. It works for both Vista and XP.

Step One: Open up Notepad (it’s in Accessories)

Step Two: Type in MYSTRING=(80000000)

Step Three: Save the file as MEMORY.VBE (or RAM.VBE if you like…just remember the .VBE)

Step Four: Make sure you save the file to your DESKTOP.

Step Five: Just double-click the newly created file on your desktop whenever your PC seems sluggish. It will give your RAM a much needed boost.
If you have less than 128mb of RAM. Change the 80000000 to 160000000 and it should work the same.

That’s it.
Quick, simple and a real timesaver.

PROTECTING THE FUTURE OF NATURE

Bharat Choudhary Reply 9:48 PM

PROTECTING THE FUTURE OF NATURE

Protection of endangered species is now a priority. Our mission should be to use the best conservation science available and work with people to find solutions to save the marvelous array of life on our planet.

Species conservation is vital — and it does work. Already, conservation efforts have brought many animals back from the brink of extinction.

GLOBAL WARMING

Bharat Choudhary Reply 9:47 PM

GLOBAL WARMING
Climate change is a global phenomenon and the term “Climate Change” is indeed a straightforward expression for such a complex subject. In fact, it has more than we can comprehend from this phrase and that is why it is quite essential to go at defining climate change in today’s scenario.

India- ASEAN Relations

Bharat Choudhary Reply 9:46 PM
India- ASEAN Relations
India’s focus on a strengthened and multi-faceted relationship with ASEAN is an outcome of the significant changes in the world’s political and economic scenario since the early 1990s and India’s own march towards economic liberalisation. India’s search for economic space has resulted in our ‘Look East’ policy. ASEAN’s economic, political and strategic importance in the larger Asia-Pacific Region and its potential to become a major partner of India in trade and investment is a significant factor in our policy paradigms. ASEAN’s steady expansion westward to include Myanmar has also brought it to our land boundaries. It now provides a land bridge for India to connect with the ASEAN countries. ASEAN, on its part, seeks access to India’s professional and technical strengths. Our traditional friendship with the CLMV countries also makes India a valuable ally for promoting the Initiative for ASEAN Integration (IAI).
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