Peasant and cast Movements in India
Peasant Movements
Important Peasant movements & leaders
Name | Reasons | Leaders/ places | Result |
Indigo Agitation of Bengal (1859-69) | Exploitation & oppression of Peasants | Bishnucharan Biswas,Digambar Biswas | Appoinment of Indigo commission of 1869 and removal some abuses |
Pabna Movement or Peasant Unrest in East Bengal (1872-76) | Oppression of peasants by zamindars | Pabna in East Bengal | Enactment of Bengal tenancy act of 1885 |
Decan Riots (1875) | Exploitation of peasants by money lenders | Poona and Ahmadnagar districts | Enactment of Deccan Agriculturists relief act of 1879 |
Champaran Satyagraha (1917) | Oppression by European planters using tinkathia system | Gandhiji started satyagraha along with Rajendra Prasad , Mahadev desai etc. | Appointment of enquiry committee by Govt. and acceptance of its recommendations |
Khaira Satyagraha (1918) in Gujarat | Refusal of Govt. to exempt Peasants from land revenue due to drought. | Non revenue campaign by Ghandhi and Vallabhai Patel | Suspension of land revenue by the Govt. |
Mopila Rebellion (1921) | Oppression and exploitation of Muslim Mopila peasants by Hindu Zamindars | Kunhammad Haji, Kalathingal Mohamad, Ali Musliar etc | Bloody suppression of the movement by British. Famous wagon tragedy occured |
Bardoli Satyagraha(1928) | Enhancement of land revenue by British | No revenue campaign by Badroli peasant under Vallabhai Patel | Appointment of enquiry commission and reduction of land revenue by the Govt. |
Caste movements
Justice Movement (1915-16) | Against Brahmin predominance | C.N.Mudaliyar, T.M. Nair and P. Tyagaraja Chettti | Founded a political party called Justice Party loyal to British Government |
Self respect movement (1925) in Tamil Nadu | A radical movement , advocated forcible temple entry , burning of Manu smriti etc. | E.V.Ramasamy Naicker ( Periyar) | Propagated his ideas through his journal Kudi Arasu. |
Ezhava Movement of Kerala | for the betterment of Untouchable Ezhavas of Kerala | Narayan Guru | started SNDP with the help of Dr. Palpu & Kumaranasan |
Satyashodak Movement | To save lower castes from Brahmins | Jyotibha Phule through his book Ghulamgiri(1872) | He organized satyashodak sabha. |
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