Constitutional Development in India
Constitutional Development in India
Regulating act of 1773
The Government of Bengal to be carried on by Governor General(G.G) and 4 members of the council. The G.G has the power to supervise and control the Bombay and Madras presidencies in matters of peace and war. This act established Supreme Court of Calcutta.
The Government of Bengal to be carried on by Governor General(G.G) and 4 members of the council. The G.G has the power to supervise and control the Bombay and Madras presidencies in matters of peace and war. This act established Supreme Court of Calcutta.
Pitts India act of 1784
This act established a Board of control(6 members) to control the Government of India, reduction of member of G.Gs council to 3 and clear cut subordination of Bombay and Madras presidencies to G.G
Charter Act of 1813
This Act provided restricted admission missionaries to India,
granted Rs 1,00,000 for education annually, required the companys servants to undergo training and thrown open Indian trade to all British subjects except tea trade.
This Act provided restricted admission missionaries to India,
granted Rs 1,00,000 for education annually, required the companys servants to undergo training and thrown open Indian trade to all British subjects except tea trade.
Charter Act of 1833
Companies monopoly of tea trade and trade with China abolished. Renamed the G.G. of fort William as the G.G of India(William Bentic), inclusion of law member( Macaulay) and Abolition of legislative decentralization was the main features.
Charter Act of 1853
Separate Lieutenant Governor for Bengal, direct recruitment of officials through a competitive examination and additional members in G.Gs council to act as legislative council.
Government of India Act 1858
Abolition of Companys rule, Board of Control and court of directors. Appointment of Secretary of state for India to rule with the aid of 15 members. Lord canning was the G.G and Viceroy and charles Wood was the first secretary of state.
Abolition of Companys rule, Board of Control and court of directors. Appointment of Secretary of state for India to rule with the aid of 15 members. Lord canning was the G.G and Viceroy and charles Wood was the first secretary of state.
Indian Councils Act of 1861
Introduction of portfolio system by which each member was assigned a particular department, Establishment of legislative council in provinces and enlargement of legislative wing of Viceroys council.
Introduction of portfolio system by which each member was assigned a particular department, Establishment of legislative council in provinces and enlargement of legislative wing of Viceroys council.
Indian councils Act 1892
Introduction of indirect elections for the non official members of legislative council and the councils were allowed to discuss Budget* The additional members required for G.Gs council were 10 to 16, Bombay and Madras 8 to 20, Bengal not more than 20 and United province 15.
Introduction of indirect elections for the non official members of legislative council and the councils were allowed to discuss Budget* The additional members required for G.Gs council were 10 to 16, Bombay and Madras 8 to 20, Bengal not more than 20 and United province 15.
Indian Councils Act of 1909 or Morley Minto reforms
Introduction of direct election, separate electorate for the Muslims (communal electorates) , removal of official majority in provincial legislature. The number of addition members were increased to 60 in G.G council , Bengal, Madras, Bombay and united Province to 50.
Introduction of direct election, separate electorate for the Muslims (communal electorates) , removal of official majority in provincial legislature. The number of addition members were increased to 60 in G.G council , Bengal, Madras, Bombay and united Province to 50.
Government of India Act of 1919 or Montague – Chemsford reforms
Introduction of Dyarchy in provinces, under this system the provincial subjects were divided into Reserved subjects ( Police,Jails, land revenue, irrigation, forests etc) to be administered by Governor and his Executive council and Transferred subjects (education, local self government, public health, sanitation etc) to be administered by Governor and his ministers. The central control over the provinces were relaxed through Devolution Rules which categorized the subjects of administration into two groups Central and Provincial. The central legislature was made bicameral with council of states consisting of 60 members and legislative assembly consisting of 140 members. The salaries of the Secretary of state for India and his assistants paid out of the British revenues. A high commissioner of India in London was appointed.
Introduction of Dyarchy in provinces, under this system the provincial subjects were divided into Reserved subjects ( Police,Jails, land revenue, irrigation, forests etc) to be administered by Governor and his Executive council and Transferred subjects (education, local self government, public health, sanitation etc) to be administered by Governor and his ministers. The central control over the provinces were relaxed through Devolution Rules which categorized the subjects of administration into two groups Central and Provincial. The central legislature was made bicameral with council of states consisting of 60 members and legislative assembly consisting of 140 members. The salaries of the Secretary of state for India and his assistants paid out of the British revenues. A high commissioner of India in London was appointed.
Government of India Act 1935
Provision for the establishment of an All India Federation to be based on provinces of British India and princely states. This part did not come into operation as the princely states did not give their consent for the union* division of powers into 3 lists Federal, Provincial and concurrent, introduction of provincial autonomy, separate electorates to Sikhs, Europeans, Indian Christians and Anglo Indians. A federal court was established at Delhi with chief justice and not more than 6 judges.
Provision for the establishment of an All India Federation to be based on provinces of British India and princely states. This part did not come into operation as the princely states did not give their consent for the union* division of powers into 3 lists Federal, Provincial and concurrent, introduction of provincial autonomy, separate electorates to Sikhs, Europeans, Indian Christians and Anglo Indians. A federal court was established at Delhi with chief justice and not more than 6 judges.
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